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Managers In The Field Must Understand Material Grading Systems

by BKite1

Managers in productions processes must know and understand the
system by which raw materials they use are graded and the codes
that indicate those grades. This is important from the front
office all the way down to the shop floor. Engineering and
project managers need to select the correct material not only for
their project, but that is feasible to use within the
configuration of their existing equipment capabilities.
Purchasing needs to understand what they looking for in the
marketplace and what, if any substitutions are allowed. First
line supervisors must be aware of any special tooling
requirements coming their way on pending job tickets. The
following article contains information important to all levels of
management for manufacturing operations that use various steels
in their process.

Grading steel is an activity performed by various standardizing
organizations. These standards organizations operate
independently of the users who rely on these standards.

Two organizations that perform these functions are:

*Society of Automotive Engineers - SAE International (SAE)
*International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Grading is necessary because of the different chemical
compositions that go into manufacturing steel. With the various
types of steel, there are a myriad of chemical combinations.
Grading is also necessary because of the quality requirements for
the different types of steel. With grading, a purchaser can look
at what makes up a certain type of steel. He can use this grading
system to choose the type of steel to meet his need.

With SAE grading, a system of letters and numbers designates
grades of steel. Most of SAE's specifications are in line with
those of the American Iron and Steel Institute. This system
identifies carbon and alloy steels of various specifications.
Alloy steels are steels that are a combination of metals.

The SAE system identifies different types of chemical
composition. Their numbering system symbolizes certain standards
they have set. These standards refer to the machining, heat
treating, and carburizing performance of steel. Carburizing is
the addition of carbon to the surface of low-carbon steels. An
SAE grading has a letter as a prefix, and then a number after the
prefix.

The letter prefixes are:

B - Acid Bessemer carbon steel
C - Basic open-hearth carbon steel
E - Electric furnace steel
Basin open-hearth alloy steel does not have a prefix.

Three examples of the longer list of numbers associated with the
prefixes are:

*(10XX series) Basic open-hearth and acid Bessemer carbon steel
grades, non-sulfurized and non-phosphorized
*(1300 series) Manganese 1.60 to 1.90%
*(93XX series) Nickel 3.0%-chromium-molybdenum

With the ISO grading system, standards are in place as applies
to the various types of steel. There are standards for
applications applied to steel as well. Theirs is a numbering
system, too and they constantly update their system to include
new products and processes.

Here's an example of an ISO specification:

* ISO 8504-1:2000 Preparation of steel substrates before
application of paints and related products- Surface preparation
methods-Part 1: General principles

The reading of this numbered document prepared by the ISO would
give their standards for the above process in working with steel.
There are manuals available that lay this system out in detail.
ISO states that they seek to set quality standards for business,
governments and society in general.

Grading systems for steels classify steel according to type. For
example, there is stainless steel, galvanized steel and carbon
steel. Stainless steel is further broken down into various grades
of stainless steel.

ASTM International (ASTM) develops and publishes voluntary
technical standards for industry. Their original name was the
American Society for Testing and Materials. They have standards
for structural steel used in the construction industry.

Steel standards, set by various independent organizations,
ensure quality steel hits the market. These standards ensure that
manufacturers know exactly what the composition is of the steel
they buy. These standards also help them decide what type of
steel is necessary for their project. They can choose a type of
steel for a certain harsh environment based on the grading
provided.

Grading systems for steels benefit producers, manufacturers,
buyers, and users of steel. It is an instrumental part of any
production operation that makes products using metals as a raw
material.

Billy Kite is a researcher at our <a
href="http://www.futueofseo.com">Search Engine Marketing Firm</a>
- Future of SEO. 
Contact Premium Steel Sales for <a
href="http://www.premiumsteelsales.com.">Galvanized Steel
Sheets</a> and many other steel products.

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